![]() Similarly, WEA was also credited to saving the lives of 34 people who were in the Sport World Complex Soccer dome in East Windsor, Connecticut. For example, on July 26, 2012, a tornado ripped through Elmira, New York, damaging about 2000 buildings but with few injuries thanks to the wireless emergency alert (WEA) from the National Weather Service (NWS) that notified residents and enabled them to seek shelter in their basements before the tornado touched down (NWS, n.d.). There is significant evidence suggesting that public alert and warning systems can be effective in saving lives and reducing community losses from emergencies. IPAWS is a national system for notifying local communities about emergencies by sending important and life-saving information to mobile phones, TVs, radios, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Weather Radios (FEMA 2022). One public alert and warning system used in the USA by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is called Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS). ( 2015) the goal of both legislations is “to create a more effective and reliable system to notify the American people in the event of war, terrorist attack, natural disaster, or other hazards” (p. Bush signed into law the Public Alert and Warning System through Executive Order 13407 and Congress passed the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act (Bean et al. In recognition of the benefits of alerting and warning the public before, during, and after emergencies, in 2006, President George W. ![]() Alerts and warnings Footnote 1 can be issued by various entities, such as local, state, and federal governments, schools, and media stations for different types of emergencies, including but not limited to, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, tsunamis, wildfires, and school shootings (NAS 2018). Public alert and warning involves providing “the necessary information to warn the public and effect the necessary actions that will lead to their safety and to deliver the messages to populations at risk of imminent hazards with the goal of maximizing the probability that people take protective actions and minimize the delay in taking those actions” (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018, p. An effective way to ameliorate the impact of emergencies on communities is for governments to issue alert and warning to the public before, during, and after emergencies. We conclude by summarizing the findings and discussing the limitations of the study.Įmergencies are events that cause huge losses to persons and/or property and require communities to respond with routine procedures and resources (Kapucu et al. We then offer recommended topics for future research as well as outline some policy and practical recommendations. The results also reveal eight emergent themes related to the policy and practical lessons. ![]() Analysis of the 156 studies, the results reveal 12 emergent themes regarding the major findings from public alert and warning system research. After a reverse citation search, that number increased to 156 studies. The search produced 1737 studies, and we applied six criteria (e.g., the study has to be a peer-reviewed article, dissertation, or conference paper), which narrowed the number of studies to 100. Hence, the goal of this study is to answer the following two questions: (1) What are the major findings from public alert and warning system research? (2) What policy and practical lessons can be gleaned from public alert and warning system research to improve public alert and warning system research and practice? We answer these questions by conducting a systematic and comprehensive review of the public alert and warning system literature, starting with a keyword search. Due to the plethora of studies on public alert and warning systems, a systematic and comprehensive synthesize is needed to understand what has been studied and their major findings and identify practical lessons that can be used to further improve public alert and warning systems. As such, researchers have studied public alert and warning systems extensively in the USA. Public alert and warning systems are an effective means of accomplishing these goals. As emergencies continue to impact communities in the USA on an unprecedented scale, it is imperative for communities to look for effective ways to keep people safe and reduce future impacts.
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